The document summarizes the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists led by Jiang Jieshi and the Communists led by Mao Zedong. It describes how the Communists gained support from peasants who were dissatisfied with the corrupt Nationalist government. The Communists used guerilla tactics like retreating when the Nationalists advanced and harassing them when they stopped. These tactics, along with widespread support from peasants, allowed the Communists to eventually defeat the Nationalists despite being outnumbered, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 with Mao as its leader.